Sparta: The Fall of the Empire
Once they assumed hegemony of Greece they became seduced by the good things of life, their moral fibre eroded, as did their hoplite manpower and were bound for defeat only a short time after. On close inspection it is a remarkable study in contradictions: long-famed among the Greeks for its constitutional stability and regarded by many ancient writers as the embodiment of traditional Greek values of civic responsibility, personal bravery, and bluntly honest speech, Sparta proved to be a devious, self-deluded, brittle, and hopelessly confused society at the very moment of its most notable success
From Cicero, Spartacus, and Brutus, to Cleopatra, Virgil, and Augustus, here are some of the most legendary figures in history brought thrillingly to life. Gibbon is doing history as a rationalist and he seeks causes and explanations rather than support for an agenda.It is in this sense that Gibbon can be said to have founded history as a field of formal research
Ambassadors to Constantinople complained loudly about the formality of the court: For example, in the late 10th century, Liutprand of Cremona, who traveled twice to Byzantium as an ambassador of German emperor Otto, wrote a book in which he bemoaned the overly choreographed Byzantine court ceremonies. (Actually, it's nowhere near that long.)* Critics often refer to the complicated politics of Constantinople (which used to be Byzantium and is now Istanbul) when discussing American tax laws
military - Why did Europe not see Roman-era numbers of men participating in battles until the 17th century? - History Stack Exchange
It seems likely that there is an optimum size for an army beyond which command and control becomes difficult and the number of support personnel required to support it balloons out to unsustainable numbers. Think of it this way: Is it more effective to have 1000 local blacksmiths managing not only the production of war materiel but also meeting requirement for producing local goods (say horseshoes, ploughs and the like); than to have 10 forges dedicated to producing only swords, shields, horse bits - etc
Or use it to create really cool photo slideshows - with 2D and 3D transitions, animation, and your choice of music - that you can share with your Facebook friends or Google+ circles. After the death of Muhammad, the founder of Islam in 632, Muslim armies and merchants spread the Islamic religion eastward to India and westward across northern Africa into Spain
Decline in Morals and Values Even during PaxRomana (A long period from Augstus to Marcus Aurelius when the Roman empire was stable and relativly peaceful) there were 32,000 prostitutes in Rome. Unemployment During the latter years of the empire farming was done on large estates called latifundia that were owned by wealthy men who used slave labor
12 Byzantine Rulers: The History of the Byzantine Empire
It looked as if the end had come at last, and yet, against all odds, an Armenian general was to defeat the Persians, sweep away the old Latin traditions and reform the Empire on a Greek model. He should have lived out his life in comfortable obscurity but, instead, found imperial power thrust upon him as Alexius I's brilliant dynasty came to a bloody and decadent conclusion
Europe After the Fall of the Western Roman Empire
GERMANIC TRIBESGermanic peoples had begun to move into the lands of theRoman Empire by the 3rd century C.E.After years of decline, the Western Roman Empire fell,replaced by a number of separate states ruled by Germankings.By 500, Germanic peoples had settled throughout Europe: Visigoths in Spain Ostrogoths in Italy Angles and Saxons in Britain Franks in France and Western Germany 3
Grateful for the conditions of peace that fostered it, men of wealth and culture dedicated their time and resources to glorifying that tradition through adornment of the cities that exemplified it and through education of the young who they hoped might perpetuate it.Upon this world the barbarians descended after about ad 150. During these same centuries, nonetheless, there were changes so profound in their cumulative effect that after the 7th century state and society in the East differed markedly from their earlier forms
Why did the Western roman Empire Fall while the eastern survived - Historum - History Forums
Wars and movements of people groups into the Empire surely influenced this development, though the image of pillaging, booze-guzzling proto-Vikings bringing down the Empire is certainly not accurate either. From Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Verus all the way up to Zeno and Romulus Augustulus, the rulers of 'east' and 'west' merely saw themselves as colleagues sharing the same Empire
Eager to stay alive, the latter-day emperors focused the government on detecting and destroying would-be usurpers, instead of on much-needed projects, like land and tax reform. Historians have suggested the Romans mismanaged barbarian immigration repeatedly, turning would-be citizens into the out-of-control armies that eventually broke up the empire
However, his assassination caused a two-decade-long war with Sassanid Persia which exhausted the Empire's resources and contributed to major territorial losses during the Muslim conquests of the 7th century. Sometimes the central space was square, sometimes octagonal, or at least there were eight piers supporting the dome instead of four, and the nave and transepts were narrower in proportion
Why did the Western Roman Empire collapse but not the Eastern Roman Empire? - History Stack Exchange
(Edward Luttwak's books are a very good reading on the strategic aspects of the Roman Empires, both before and after the split: The Grand Strategy of the Roman Empire and The Grand Strategy of the Byzantine Empire.) These considerations must not hide other facts: From the third century onwards, a constant theme in the Roman Empire was regular usurpations. It took repeated blows from Goths, Huns, Vandals, Alans, Suebi, Franks, and Alimanni, and a number of civil wars over a 100 year span to wear out the Western Empire
Why Did Rome Fall?
410Articles on the End of the Roman EmpireThe Decline and Fall of The Roman Empire Volume 1 Chapter, by Edward GibbonThe Extent of the Empire at the Time of the Fall of RomeTake a look at the maps to see the changing expanse of the Roman Empire.Rome started out as a small, hilly settlement, by the Tiber River, in the middle of the Italian boot. Recently there has been a spate of books explaining it:Fall of Rome History - Recommended BooksThe Decline and Fall of RomeThe Roman Empire not only expanded, but was modified by the conquered people
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